Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) was an American writer known for his sparse prose, adventurous life, and profound influence on modern literature. Born in Oak Park, Illinois, he began his career as a journalist before serving in World War I, an experience that shaped much of his fiction. His major works include The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize. Hemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He lived in Paris, Key West, Spain, and Cuba, drawing from each place in his writing. Known for his love of hunting, fishing, boxing, and alcohol, Hemingway was both celebrated and controversial. His life was marked by fame, trauma, and personal battles with mental illness. He died by suicide in 1961, leaving behind a legacy that continues to shape fiction and cultural myth.